Solutions

Chemical solutions are homogeneous mixtures composed of two or more substances, where one substance (called the solute) is uniformly dispersed in another substance (called the solvent). In a chemical solution, the solute particles are evenly distributed at a molecular or ionic level throughout the solvent, resulting in a uniform composition and appearance.

Solutions can be formed with various types of solutes, such as solid, liquid, or gas, dissolved in a liquid solvent. Some examples include:

• Hydrochloric acid: Hydrogen chloride gas (solute) dissolved in water (solvent).
• Ethanol solution: Ethanol (solute) dissolved in water (solvent) or other organic solvents.

• Dilute solutions: Solutions with a relatively small amount of solute dissolved in the solvent.
• Concentrated solutions: Solutions with a high amount of solute dissolved in the solvent.
• Saturated solutions: Solutions in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved at a given temperature.
• Supersaturated solutions: Solutions that contain more dissolved solute than theoretically possible at a given temperature. These solutions are usually unstable and can be easily triggered to crystallize.